TRACE Matrix

TRACE Bribery Risk Matrix

TRACE Bribery Risk Matrix

The TRACE Bribery Risk Matrix (TRACE Matrix) measures business bribery risk in 194 jurisdictions, territories, and autonomous and semi-autonomous regions. The overall country risk score is a combined and weighted score of four domains: Business Interactions with Government; Anti-Bribery Deterrence and Enforcement; Government and Civil Service Transparency; and Capacity for Civil Society Oversight, including the role of the media. The domain scores are derived from nine subdomains. The TRACE Matrix was originally developed in 2014 in collaboration with RAND Corporation. It is updated annually by TRACE.

ACCESS THE TRACE MATRIX DATA BROWSER DOWNLOAD THE TRACE MATRIX INFORMATION PACK

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“Assessment of country risk is fundamental to developing an effective compliance program and risk-based due diligence procedures.”

Charles Duross,

Partner at Morrison & Foerster LLP and former Deputy Chief in the Fraud Section in the Criminal Division of the U.S. Department of Justice

The 2023 TRACE Matrix information pack includes:


  • 2023 TRACE Bribery Risk Matrix Scores
  • TRACE Matrix FAQ
  • Guide to Country Reports
  • Methodology Report


Download a short description of the Matrix in 中文, 日本語, English, Español, Français, Deutsche, Italiano, or Portugues.   


According to this year's data, North Korea, Turkmenistan, Syria, Equatorial Guinea and Yemen present the highest commercial bribery risk, while Norway, New Zealand, Switzerland, Sweden and Denmark present the lowest.


This year’s edition includes an updated selection of datapoints to ensure the TRACE Matrix is based on the most recent available information. To learn more, download the 2023 Methodology Report.

“Assessment of country risk is fundamental to developing an effective compliance program and risk-based due diligence procedures.”

Charles Duross

Partner, Morrison & Foerster LLP and former Deputy Chief in the Fraud Section in the Criminal Division, U.S. Department of Justice

“In my experience, there is nothing else on the market that gauges risk with the accuracy and simplicity of the TRACE Risk Matrix. It is a critical part of our risk assessment process at Accenture.”

Daniel Seltzer

Senior Director of Anticorruption and Government Compliance, Accenture

Read the press release. For press inquiries, contact Kseniya Husak at [email protected].

2014 RESULTS

Full table (excluding subdomain scores) and rankings:

Although the resulting index can be used to rank countries by their composite scores, it is also possible to view the results for specific risk factors. This allows compliance professionals to tailor their practices appropriately and make better resource allocation decisions. This table does not include subdomain scores.

Rank Country
Risk Score
 Domain 1: Interactions with Government Domain 2: Anti-bribery Deterrence and Enforcement Domain 3: Governmental and Civil Service Transparency Domain 4: Capacity for Civil Oversight
1 Ireland
 20 15 24 30 4
2 Canada
 22 25 22 20 9
3 New Zealand
 23 13 48 23 18
4 Hong Kong
 23 4 51 27 30
5 Sweden
 23 9 53 25 20
6 Finland
 24 11 52 26 23
7 Singapore
 26 1 54 37 35
8 Japan
 26 33 17 6 10
9 Germany
 27 28 31 33 1
10 United States
 27 35 23 1 7
11 Georgia
 27 17 24 19 39
12 Norway
 28 21 52 32 16
13 Netherlands
 29 20 55 29 21
14 France
 29 32 38 27 14
15 Chile
 30 33 30 20 25
16 Switzerland
 31 22 52 37 19
17 South Korea
 31 38 1 7 15
18 Lithuania
 32 34 31 31 18
19 United Kingdom
 32 27 47 33 25
20 Austria
 32 29 49 30 23
21 Denmark
 32 24 52 39 20
22 Estonia
 33 20 58 39 26
23 Luxembourg
 34 28 54 38 20
24 Iceland
 35 23 52 47 22
25 Latvia
 35 41 18 12 26
26 Belgium
 36 31 47 46 18
27 Slovenia
 38 35 50 41 28
28 Panama
 38 23 48 48 44
29 Australia
 39 39 51 42 20
30 United Arab Emirates
 39 21 53 51 44
31 Poland
 39 41 30 43 16
32 Portugal
 40 34 51 47 28
33 Italy
 41 44 14 39 17
34 North Macedonia
 41 41 27 27 44
35 South Africa
 41 42 11 32 38
36 Spain
 41 47 31 35 14
37 Bulgaria
 42 48 17 24 25
38 Barbados
 43 38 64 47 29
39 Peru
 44 49 27 26 30
40 Israel
 45 40 45 53 33
41 Thailand
 45 43 32 47 45
42 Mauritius
 46 35 47 56 43
43 Colombia
 46 47 18 32 45
44 Uruguay
 46 48 55 44 32
45 Hungary
 46 46 31 52 25
46 Cyprus
 46 48 54 47 32
47 Qatar
 46 36 51 57 41
48 St. Vincent and the Grenadines
 47 48 49 48 37
49 Vanuatu
 47 49 34 35 45
50 Costa Rica
 47 50 17 44 26
52 Czech Republic
 47 56 24 32 14
53 Bahrain
 48 43 53 51 48
54 Tonga
 48 48 54 48 41
55 Marshall Islands
 48 42 60 52 43
56 Slovak Republic
 48 52 44 48 27
57 Liechtenstein
 49 52 49 52 20
58 Croatia
 49 48 52 53 37
59 Oman
 49 41 56 54 52
60 Botswana
 49 49 54 48 46
61 Grenada
 50 52 53 51 32
62 Malaysia
 50 17 26 70 63
63 Monaco
 50 53 51 54 25
64 Seychelles
 50 48 55 55 41
65 San Marino
 50 51 51 56 31
66 Micronesia
 50 49 48 54 44
67 Serbia
 51 56 33 41 30
68 Antigua and Barbuda
 51 53 46 51 36
69 Nicaragua
 51 48 33 53 51
70 Turkey
 51 41 21 57 54
71 Indonesia
 51 57 25 24 43
72 Saudi Arabia
 51 42 55 59 52
73 Montenegro
 52 53 56 53 40
74 Belarus
 52 42 12 60 50
75 Kiribati
 52 48 50 57 46
76 Malta
 52 56 51 50 29
77 Dominican Republic
 52 52 48 53 47
78 St. Kitts and Nevis
 52 53 54 55 38
79 Brunei Darussalam
 52 54 51 53 39
80 Puerto Rico
 53 54 52 55 38
81 Bermuda
 53 54 46 56 35
82 Palau
 53 57 61 47 33
83 Romania
 53 61 17 33 24
84 Guatemala
 53 45 48 59 54
85 Ecuador
 53 53 65 52 42
86 Rwanda
 53 26 14 63 70
87 Armenia
 54 58 52 33 51
88 Mexico
 54 48 21 57 54
89 Dominica
 54 57 51 53 36
90 Samoa
 54 54 56 58 41
91 Aruba
 55 53 49 60 46
92 Jordan
 55 46 28 59 59
93 Bosnia and Herzegovina
 55 57 52 56 42
94 Bolivia
 55 56 16 46 51
95 Bahamas
 56 60 54 56 31
96 French Polynesia
 56 58 58 56 48
97 Faroe Islands
 57 59 52 54 45
98 Namibia
 57 57 19 59 37
99 Macau
 57 60 49 58 35
100 Paraguay
 57 58 44 51 56
101 Guyana
 57 59 51 57 47
102 Sao Tome and Principe
 57 58 53 57 54
103 Jamaica
 58 59 51 62 36
104 Tunisia
 58 55 50 64 49
105 Kosovo
 58 65 18 26 47
106 Zambia
 58 44 48 65 66
107 Morocco
 58 48 41 70 52
108 Lesotho
 59 52 48 60 63
109 Senegal
 59 54 44 61 60
110 Fiji
 59 59 51 61 48
111 Gambia
 59 46 44 58 71
112 Cape Verde
 59 61 57 60 47
113 Togo
 59 56 55 57 63
114 Cuba
 60 61 51 55 56
115 Turkmenistan
 60 54 62 61 64
116 St. Lucia
 60 65 55 55 36
117 Albania
 60 67 32 35 43
118 Belize
 61 67 56 52 37
119 Bhutan
 61 59 55 62 62
120 Papua New Guinea
 61 63 50 55 56
121 Madagascar
 61 55 46 64 64
122 El Salvador
 62 60 47 69 44
123 Niger
 62 51 51 60 72
124 Trinidad and Tobago
 62 68 52 56 36
125 Solomon Islands
 62 64 47 60 52
126 Greece
 63 69 44 57 31
127 Maldives
 63 65 56 63 49
128 Tuvalu
 63 68 52 55 44
129 Honduras
 63 66 59 56 55
130 Moldova
 64 70 10 49 35
131 Djibouti
 64 48 50 65 76
132 Ukraine
 64 69 52 53 49
133 Argentina
 65 79 12 26 22
134 Russian Federation
 65 73 27 39 43
135 Benin
 65 61 57 70 64
136 Suriname
 66 66 50 71 43
137 China
 66 55 21 62 76
138 Lebanon
 66 68 56 70 42
139 Mozambique
 66 66 42 66 61
140 Azerbaijan
 67 69 21 58 55
141 Kazakhstan
 68 72 22 55 53
142 Mali
 68 68 47 65 66
143 Eswatini
 68 69 47 63 65
144 Ghana
 68 70 20 71 37
145 Burkina Faso
 69 56 34 83 60
146 Sri Lanka
 69 59 50 82 56
147 Ethiopia
 69 67 16 51 73
148 Guinea-Bissau
 69 65 55 63 75
149 Brazil
 69 77 54 52 42
150 Equatorial Guinea
 69 64 53 73 70
151 Comoros
 70 70 46 65 66
152 Philippines
 70 75 39 50 59
153 Haiti
 71 71 56 71 62
154 East Timor
 71 73 31 71 42
155 Tanzania
 71 73 27 65 57
156 Mongolia
 72 80 29 48 45
157 Iran
 72 74 54 71 57
158 Libya
 72 78 52 67 42
159 Kenya
 72 75 22 63 58
160 Ivory Coast
 73 74 44 67 65
161 Kyrgyz Republic
 73 76 31 42 71
162 Syria
 73 76 47 60 64
163 Afghanistan
 73 73 49 59 75
164 Uganda
 74 79 17 43 64
165 Nepal
 74 77 37 65 59
166 Sudan
 74 68 55 73 79
167 Gabon
 74 81 45 57 49
168 Sierra Leone
 74 65 17 82 69
169 Republic of the Congo (Brazzaville)
 75 80 47 61 56
170 Malawi
 75 78 10 48 68
171 Egypt
 75 71 19 82 59
172 Iraq
 76 78 66 72 66
173 Pakistan
 76 80 27 50 69
174 Laos
 76 78 51 66 71
175 Bangladesh
 76 80 32 66 58
176 Zimbabwe
 77 64 29 88 74
177 Kuwait
 77 88 49 55 37
178 Venezuela
 77 80 40 73 56
179 Liberia
 77 82 19 62 57
180 Dem. Rep. of the Congo
 79 75 45 68 85
181 Mauritania
 79 83 48 69 62
182 Tajikistan
 79 80 11 72 66
183 Algeria
 79 82 30 79 49
184 Central African Republic
 80 83 51 68 70
185 India
 80 92 43 37 56
186 Eritrea
 81 78 53 66 89
187 Cameroon
 82 77 32 91 62
188 Vietnam
 82 61 31 100 82
189 South Sudan
 83 92 61 62 56
190 Chad
 84 86 55 76 76
191 Burundi
 85 83 57 89 71
192 Guinea
 86 93 50 64 69
193 Cambodia
 89 84 61 98 77
194 Uzbekistan
 92 100 51 72 63
195 Angola
 94 93 61 99 73
196 Yemen
 94 88 100 91 100
197 Nigeria
 97 99 25 97 57