TRACE Bribery Risk Matrix

The TRACE Bribery Risk Matrix (TRACE Matrix) measures business bribery risk in 194 jurisdictions, territories, and autonomous and semi-autonomous regions. The overall country risk score is a combined and weighted score of four domains: Business Interactions with Government; Anti-Bribery Deterrence and Enforcement; Government and Civil Service Transparency; and Capacity for Civil Society Oversight, including the role of the media. The domain scores are derived from nine subdomains. The TRACE Matrix was originally developed in 2014 in collaboration with RAND Corporation. It is updated annually by TRACE.

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“Assessment of country risk is fundamental to developing an effective compliance program and risk-based due diligence procedures.”

Charles Duross,

Partner at Morrison & Foerster LLP and former Deputy Chief in the Fraud Section in the Criminal Division of the U.S. Department of Justice

The 2023 TRACE Matrix information pack includes:

2023 TRACE Bribery Risk Matrix Scores
TRACE Matrix FAQ
Guide to Country Reports
Methodology Report

Download a short description of the Matrix in 中文, 日本語, English, Español, Français, Deutsche, Italiano, or Portugues.

According to this year's data, North Korea, Turkmenistan, Syria, Equatorial Guinea and Yemen present the highest commercial bribery risk, while Norway, New Zealand, Switzerland, Sweden and Denmark present the lowest.

This year’s edition includes an updated selection of datapoints to ensure the TRACE Matrix is based on the most recent available information. To learn more, download the 2023 Methodology Report.

“Assessment of country risk is fundamental to developing an effective compliance program and risk-based due diligence procedures.”

Charles Duross

Partner, Morrison & Foerster LLP and former Deputy Chief in the Fraud Section in the Criminal Division, U.S. Department of Justice

“In my experience, there is nothing else on the market that gauges risk with the accuracy and simplicity of the TRACE Risk Matrix. It is a critical part of our risk assessment process at Accenture.”

Daniel Seltzer

Senior Director of Anticorruption and Government Compliance, Accenture

Read the press release. For press inquiries, contact Kseniya Husak at [email protected].

2021 RESULTS

Rank	Country	Risk Score	Domain 1: Interactions with Government	Domain 2: Anti-bribery Deterrence and Enforcement	Domain 3: Governmental and Civil Service Transparency	Domain 4: Capacity for Civil Oversight
1	Denmark	2	1	1	6	1
2	Norway	5	8	4	3	2
3	Sweden	7	10	9	1	5
4	Finland	7	13	2	2	5
5	New Zealand	8	5	7	3	17
6	Germany	12	14	8	14	11
7	Netherlands	14	17	8	12	14
8	Switzerland	14	15	11	18	10
9	United Kingdom	14	14	21	11	13
10	Canada	16	19	14	11	15
11	Estonia	16	18	17	13	13
12	Ireland	16	24	14	8	11
13	Iceland	16	16	17	16	16
14	Australia	16	19	12	11	20
15	Taiwan	17	18	23	13	14
16	Luxembourg	17	21	17	14	14
17	Belgium	17	27	8	11	13
18	Japan	19	19	11	19	25
19	Singapore	20	2	22	16	54
20	Austria	20	26	13	20	15
21	South Korea	21	17	31	20	23
22	Andorra	21	24	15	21	21
23	United States	22	21	35	18	21
24	Lithuania	22	24	27	20	19
25	Hong Kong	22	7	29	26	42
26	France	23	24	33	17	19
27	Spain	25	29	23	22	22
28	Portugal	26	27	24	27	23
29	Georgia	26	19	38	28	29
30	Uruguay	26	40	9	26	14
31	Latvia	28	32	32	23	23
32	Slovenia	28	36	24	24	21
33	Chile	28	34	29	25	21
34	Cyprus	29	34	30	27	23
35	Italy	30	35	30	28	22
36	Israel	30	34	30	22	30
37	Costa Rica	30	43	18	31	14
38	Puerto Rico	31	50	33	16	12
39	Czech Republic	31	38	31	31	20
40	Liechtenstein	31	38	17	48	13
41	Greece	33	38	39	31	23
42	Malta	34	38	32	33	28
43	Mauritius	34	34	36	41	27
44	Marshall Islands	34	30	19	68	19
45	Slovak Republic	35	41	44	33	19
46	Poland	35	35	38	37	32
47	Armenia	36	30	45	46	29
48	San Marino	36	38	24	55	21
49	St. Vincent and the Grenadines	36	36	26	48	31
50	Barbados	37	41	34	45	23
51	St. Lucia	37	36	22	57	29
52	Jamaica	37	42	44	42	19
53	St. Kitts and Nevis	37	38	29	55	24
54	United Arab Emirates	38	7	52	45	75
55	Botswana	38	39	30	50	30
56	Antigua and Barbuda	38	41	29	48	30
57	Micronesia	39	38	19	69	22
58	Seychelles	39	40	36	41	36
59	South Africa	39	47	58	29	23
60	Dominica	39	40	36	45	35
61	Trinidad and Tobago	40	45	44	45	22
62	Bhutan	40	37	40	40	44
63	Croatia	40	44	49	37	29
64	Grenada	40	38	28	63	29
65	Malaysia	40	34	54	38	44
66	Namibia	40	42	45	47	28
67	Cape Verde	41	40	34	50	38
68	Tunisia	41	41	50	47	29
69	Romania	41	48	39	40	31
70	Bahamas	41	47	41	49	23
71	Bulgaria	41	47	49	33	34
72	Panama	42	43	54	44	31
73	Palau	42	55	19	64	14
74	Samoa	43	45	19	67	30
75	Argentina	43	56	44	39	23
76	Senegal	43	45	45	51	30
77	Ghana	43	50	44	50	24
78	Vanuatu	44	48	33	48	38
79	Peru	44	53	54	37	28
80	Montenegro	44	47	45	44	38
81	North Macedonia	44	46	48	45	38
82	India	44	47	52	36	43
83	Sao Tome and Principe	45	42	42	56	41
84	Colombia	46	50	55	37	42
85	Jordan	46	38	49	50	55
86	Thailand	46	37	55	47	56
87	Indonesia	46	53	59	41	32
88	Dominican Republic	46	51	57	49	29
89	Mongolia	47	59	44	42	31
90	Tonga	47	47	30	68	36
91	Brazil	47	57	52	40	33
92	Sri Lanka	47	48	57	48	38
93	Kosovo	47	43	54	58	39
94	Fiji	47	47	57	47	41
95	Kuwait	48	51	55	38	46
96	Lesotho	48	42	48	68	38
97	Benin	48	46	40	69	38
98	Morocco	49	42	54	53	52
99	Burkina Faso	49	50	57	61	30
100	Suriname	49	50	57	61	30
101	Kiribati	49	66	19	67	22
102	Solomon Islands	49	54	39	62	35
103	Hungary	49	47	58	51	46
104	Ukraine	50	54	60	47	38
105	Brunei Darussalam	50	41	59	55	54
106	Serbia	50	47	63	51	45
107	Rwanda	50	36	52	56	67
108	Mexico	50	53	72	36	44
109	Ecuador	50	56	57	51	34
110	Albania	50	55	54	51	39
111	East Timor	50	56	50	58	33
112	Nepal	51	49	63	57	39
113	Guyana	51	56	58	52	36
114	Oman	51	32	67	55	70
115	Moldova	51	53	67	46	42
116	Malawi	51	59	54	54	33
117	El Salvador	51	54	56	58	37
118	Maldives	52	49	51	64	45
119	Philippines	52	53	75	44	42
120	Kenya	52	55	66	48	41
121	Saudi Arabia	52	31	62	57	78
122	Paraguay	52	53	67	56	37
123	Qatar	52	31	57	66	73
124	Gambia	52	47	55	75	38
125	Belize	53	51	51	76	33
126	Niger	53	45	56	76	41
127	Kazakhstan	53	46	61	46	67
128	Tanzania	54	53	49	60	51
129	Turkey	54	39	66	55	70
130	Papua New Guinea	54	60	52	59	40
131	Guatemala	54	52	76	58	40
132	Bosnia and Herzegovina	55	59	56	60	42
133	Togo	55	44	65	78	45
134	Russian Federation	55	48	72	50	62
135	China	56	36	59	61	83
136	Myanmar	56	49	65	66	51
137	Kyrgyz Republic	56	59	67	56	43
138	Bahrain	56	39	77	54	74
139	Sierra Leone	56	63	59	64	35
140	Azerbaijan	56	42	60	61	75
141	Ivory Coast	57	56	60	68	45
142	Mozambique	57	54	63	67	50
143	Vietnam	57	50	56	61	68
144	Belarus	58	46	61	68	66
145	Lebanon	58	59	76	69	35
146	Honduras	59	56	77	59	51
147	Uzbekistan	59	52	70	58	64
148	Bolivia	59	64	61	66	41
149	Zambia	59	53	71	70	50
150	Pakistan	59	60	64	67	48
151	Uganda	60	62	70	58	50
152	Guinea	60	56	68	74	47
153	Nigeria	60	70	64	61	39
154	Eswatini	60	51	65	68	66
155	Liberia	61	69	58	70	38
156	Madagascar	61	67	63	64	45
157	Zimbabwe	61	61	66	63	55
158	Mali	61	62	74	70	42
159	Guinea-Bissau	61	60	66	76	46
160	Comoros	61	54	66	82	51
161	Ethiopia	62	59	62	74	57
162	Iraq	63	62	79	71	46
163	Egypt	63	54	63	65	77
164	Djibouti	63	48	74	77	70
165	Algeria	65	64	62	76	56
166	Gabon	65	71	74	70	43
167	Bangladesh	65	71	65	59	61
168	Sudan	66	56	93	76	54
169	Cameroon	67	62	82	76	55
170	Nicaragua	67	60	72	78	64
171	Mauritania	67	60	82	87	51
172	Angola	68	72	69	75	51
173	Haiti	68	67	89	79	44
174	Afghanistan	68	70	84	77	45
175	Libya	68	67	69	87	52
176	Tajikistan	69	62	70	73	75
177	Iran	69	64	72	71	76
178	Cuba	70	71	63	68	77
179	Central African Republic	71	67	91	84	51
180	Burundi	71	56	85	88	73
181	Dem. Rep. of the Congo	72	71	84	84	53
182	Laos	72	63	73	76	85
183	Republic of the Congo (Brazzaville)	73	68	85	83	62
184	Chad	75	70	89	93	55
185	Syria	76	69	93	72	83
186	Cambodia	77	80	82	77	68
187	Equatorial Guinea	79	67	93	94	74
188	Yemen	79	70	82	100	72
189	South Sudan	80	71	96	95	72
190	Somalia	80	76	94	97	63
191	Venezuela	81	82	80	93	66
192	Eritrea	81	60	97	97	92
193	Turkmenistan	86	91	86	75	89
194	North Korea	94	100	100	74	100

TRACE Matrix

TRACE Bribery Risk Matrix

Charles Duross,

Charles Duross

Daniel Seltzer

2021 RESULTS

Full table (excluding subdomain scores) and rankings: