TRACE Bribery Risk Matrix

The TRACE Bribery Risk Matrix (TRACE Matrix) measures business bribery risk in 194 jurisdictions, territories, and autonomous and semi-autonomous regions. The overall country risk score is a combined and weighted score of four domains: Business Interactions with Government; Anti-Bribery Deterrence and Enforcement; Government and Civil Service Transparency; and Capacity for Civil Society Oversight, including the role of the media. The domain scores are derived from nine subdomains. The TRACE Matrix was originally developed in 2014 in collaboration with RAND Corporation. It is updated annually by TRACE.

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“Assessment of country risk is fundamental to developing an effective compliance program and risk-based due diligence procedures.”

Charles Duross,

Partner at Morrison & Foerster LLP and former Deputy Chief in the Fraud Section in the Criminal Division of the U.S. Department of Justice

The 2023 TRACE Matrix information pack includes:

2023 TRACE Bribery Risk Matrix Scores
TRACE Matrix FAQ
Guide to Country Reports
Methodology Report

Download a short description of the Matrix in 中文, 日本語, English, Español, Français, Deutsche, Italiano, or Portugues.

According to this year's data, North Korea, Turkmenistan, Syria, Equatorial Guinea and Yemen present the highest commercial bribery risk, while Norway, New Zealand, Switzerland, Sweden and Denmark present the lowest.

This year’s edition includes an updated selection of datapoints to ensure the TRACE Matrix is based on the most recent available information. To learn more, download the 2023 Methodology Report.

“Assessment of country risk is fundamental to developing an effective compliance program and risk-based due diligence procedures.”

Charles Duross

Partner, Morrison & Foerster LLP and former Deputy Chief in the Fraud Section in the Criminal Division, U.S. Department of Justice

“In my experience, there is nothing else on the market that gauges risk with the accuracy and simplicity of the TRACE Risk Matrix. It is a critical part of our risk assessment process at Accenture.”

Daniel Seltzer

Senior Director of Anticorruption and Government Compliance, Accenture

Read the press release. For press inquiries, contact Kseniya Husak at [email protected].

2020 RESULTS

Rank	Country	Risk Score	Domain 1: Interactions with Government	Domain 2: Anti-bribery Deterrence and Enforcement	Domain 3: Governmental and Civil Service Transparency	Domain 4: Capacity for Civil Oversight
1	Denmark	1	1	1	3	1
2	Norway	5	7	8	2	3
3	Finland	7	12	8	2	5
4	Sweden	8	9	16	1	8
5	New Zealand	8	5	11	3	17
6	Netherlands	11	12	11	10	10
7	Switzerland	14	15	14	17	8
8	Germany	14	15	12	18	9
9	United Kingdom	14	12	25	12	13
10	Iceland	15	16	14	14	13
11	Canada	15	18	17	10	13
12	Australia	15	17	16	9	18
13	Estonia	15	17	19	12	13
14	Belgium	17	24	9	13	13
15	Singapore	17	2	20	7	53
16	Ireland	18	22	21	17	12
17	Austria	19	23	11	19	15
18	Luxembourg	19	21	24	17	13
19	Taiwan	19	19	27	16	16
20	Hong Kong	19	6	29	23	31
21	Japan	19	18	14	19	26
22	South Korea	20	16	35	15	23
23	United States	20	22	35	13	15
24	France	24	24	40	18	19
25	Portugal	24	26	26	25	19
26	Spain	24	29	26	18	22
27	Lithuania	24	24	35	24	19
28	Georgia	25	17	39	26	28
29	Uruguay	27	40	17	27	11
30	Andorra	28	25	30	37	21
31	Slovenia	29	36	27	23	23
32	Cyprus	29	36	34	25	17
33	Chile	29	35	33	25	22
34	Latvia	31	32	41	26	24
35	Israel	31	35	29	28	26
36	Italy	31	37	36	27	20
37	Costa Rica	31	44	23	35	11
38	Czech Republic	32	39	33	31	20
39	Liechtenstein	33	40	20	50	10
40	United Arab Emirates	33	5	41	39	73
41	Poland	34	35	38	34	27
42	Puerto Rico	34	52	38	28	6
43	Armenia	34	28	43	45	28
44	Greece	35	40	43	33	22
45	Malta	35	41	40	30	27
46	Mauritius	35	34	38	42	28
47	Jamaica	36	42	41	40	18
48	Bhutan	37	38	27	39	39
49	Barbados	37	42	40	45	20
50	St. Vincent and the Grenadines	38	36	35	49	32
51	Malaysia	38	33	53	36	39
52	Slovak Republic	38	44	53	36	21
53	Botswana	39	43	29	49	28
54	St. Lucia	39	37	27	62	29
55	Tunisia	40	42	50	46	24
56	San Marino	40	40	27	65	25
57	Croatia	41	45	52	36	29
58	Namibia	41	44	51	43	27
59	Antigua and Barbuda	41	42	42	50	29
60	St. Kitts and Nevis	41	39	38	58	29
61	South Africa	41	51	60	29	24
62	Trinidad and Tobago	41	49	46	46	22
63	Cape Verde	42	40	42	51	36
64	Brunei Darussalam	42	43	39	44	41
65	Seychelles	42	43	44	43	40
66	Panama	43	44	62	41	28
67	Senegal	43	46	43	51	29
68	Grenada	43	40	39	64	30
69	Bulgaria	43	51	50	35	33
70	Dominica	43	42	50	48	38
71	Marshall Islands	43	31	52	79	24
72	Argentina	44	60	46	36	21
73	Romania	44	51	40	43	34
74	Indonesia	44	53	57	36	28
75	Ghana	44	52	47	50	24
76	Peru	45	56	55	35	28
77	India	45	50	53	36	40
78	Jordan	45	39	49	45	52
79	North Macedonia	45	49	50	45	37
80	Colombia	45	52	55	35	38
81	Montenegro	45	52	47	43	37
82	Bahamas	46	50	59	52	24
83	Kuwait	46	52	55	32	44
84	Kosovo	46	45	51	55	37
85	Maldives	46	47	34	57	43
86	Rwanda	47	34	46	51	64
87	Sri Lanka	47	50	54	47	35
88	Thailand	47	39	56	44	56
89	Fiji	47	50	47	46	43
90	Brazil	47	60	53	36	31
91	Micronesia	47	39	44	81	31
92	Sao Tome and Principe	47	42	53	58	44
93	Vanuatu	48	51	50	52	37
94	Oman	48	30	64	48	69
95	Morocco	48	45	52	51	50
96	Mongolia	49	63	50	44	27
97	Burkina Faso	49	51	59	58	31
98	Ukraine	49	57	59	43	36
99	Mexico	49	56	71	35	39
100	Samoa	50	47	41	78	31
101	Palau	50	58	46	72	15
102	Benin	50	49	44	68	37
103	Dominican Republic	50	56	60	52	31
104	Serbia	50	49	64	49	44
105	Lesotho	50	44	51	70	41
106	Moldova	50	55	68	40	39
107	Nepal	50	52	60	53	38
108	Saudi Arabia	50	32	54	54	76
109	El Salvador	50	55	57	54	33
110	Hungary	50	49	59	51	47
111	Qatar	50	34	50	66	65
112	Tonga	51	49	48	69	38
113	Philippines	51	56	73	44	37
114	Turkey	52	40	64	49	66
115	Albania	52	57	57	50	40
116	Suriname	52	54	60	64	30
117	Gambia	52	50	52	73	35
118	Ecuador	52	58	58	53	37
119	Guyana	52	59	62	52	35
120	Paraguay	52	54	69	53	37
121	Solomon Islands	53	58	54	61	34
122	East Timor	53	60	56	60	30
123	Kazakhstan	53	49	59	41	67
124	Kenya	53	56	66	51	43
125	Belarus	54	46	53	56	66
126	China	54	38	57	55	80
127	Russian Federation	54	50	71	45	60
128	Tanzania	54	57	49	60	48
129	Niger	55	48	53	78	45
130	Kyrgyz Republic	55	63	62	50	40
131	Guatemala	55	55	76	56	39
132	Bosnia and Herzegovina	55	63	57	55	41
133	Bahrain	55	42	75	50	70
134	Malawi	56	64	60	60	33
135	Myanmar	56	52	61	65	51
136	Azerbaijan	56	44	53	57	77
137	Papua New Guinea	56	64	69	56	34
138	Togo	57	47	60	83	45
139	Ivory Coast	57	56	64	64	44
140	Vietnam	58	53	54	62	63
141	Uganda	58	65	66	53	45
142	Mozambique	58	56	62	70	48
143	Belize	59	54	73	77	39
144	Lebanon	59	62	74	68	34
145	Kiribati	59	70	44	77	30
146	Eswatini	59	54	57	64	63
147	Zambia	59	57	73	61	52
148	Honduras	59	60	77	58	47
149	Sierra Leone	60	66	67	68	35
150	Uzbekistan	60	58	62	55	66
151	Bolivia	60	68	63	64	39
152	Guinea	61	60	63	77	42
153	Pakistan	61	63	64	67	48
154	Mali	61	65	70	68	42
155	Nigeria	61	74	62	65	35
156	Iraq	61	66	72	69	39
157	Madagascar	62	70	67	63	43
158	Zimbabwe	62	65	66	62	54
159	Liberia	63	74	61	72	34
160	Egypt	64	57	61	67	75
161	Djibouti	64	51	69	78	69
162	Guinea-Bissau	64	64	74	76	45
163	Ethiopia	64	63	59	74	60
164	Algeria	65	68	62	75	52
165	Comoros	65	56	73	89	52
166	Bangladesh	66	75	64	60	58
167	Sudan	66	59	89	69	60
168	Gabon	66	78	77	61	45
169	Cameroon	66	65	78	75	53
170	Cuba	67	72	48	65	72
171	Afghanistan	67	71	79	71	46
172	Nicaragua	67	62	71	75	66
173	Libya	69	72	63	85	52
174	Tajikistan	69	68	68	70	73
175	Mauritania	69	65	85	87	49
176	Angola	70	77	72	75	51
177	Iran	70	69	71	68	73
178	Haiti	70	72	97	85	35
179	Central African Republic	71	70	86	85	46
180	Dem. Rep. of the Congo	72	74	75	81	55
181	Republic of the Congo (Brazzaville)	72	74	78	84	56
182	Laos	73	68	62	80	83
183	Burundi	74	63	78	87	77
184	Chad	75	73	80	92	60
185	Syria	76	73	90	66	83
186	Cambodia	80	87	81	78	67
187	Somalia	80	79	88	98	58
188	Equatorial Guinea	80	73	89	93	74
189	Yemen	80	75	81	100	71
190	Eritrea	81	65	89	97	90
191	Venezuela	82	87	77	92	65
192	South Sudan	85	79	90	99	77
193	Turkmenistan	86	100	73	68	89
194	North Korea	93	98	100	73	100

TRACE Matrix

TRACE Bribery Risk Matrix

Charles Duross,

Charles Duross

Daniel Seltzer

2020 RESULTS

Full table (excluding subdomain scores) and rankings: