TRACE Matrix

TRACE Bribery Risk Matrix

TRACE Bribery Risk Matrix

The TRACE Bribery Risk Matrix (TRACE Matrix) measures business bribery risk in 194 jurisdictions, territories, and autonomous and semi-autonomous regions. The overall country risk score is a combined and weighted score of four domains: Business Interactions with Government; Anti-Bribery Deterrence and Enforcement; Government and Civil Service Transparency; and Capacity for Civil Society Oversight, including the role of the media. The domain scores are derived from nine subdomains. The TRACE Matrix was originally developed in 2014 in collaboration with RAND Corporation. It is updated annually by TRACE.

ACCESS THE TRACE MATRIX DATA BROWSER DOWNLOAD THE TRACE MATRIX INFORMATION PACK

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“Assessment of country risk is fundamental to developing an effective compliance program and risk-based due diligence procedures.”

Charles Duross,

Partner at Morrison & Foerster LLP and former Deputy Chief in the Fraud Section in the Criminal Division of the U.S. Department of Justice

The 2023 TRACE Matrix information pack includes:


  • 2023 TRACE Bribery Risk Matrix Scores
  • TRACE Matrix FAQ
  • Guide to Country Reports
  • Methodology Report


Download a short description of the Matrix in 中文, 日本語, English, Español, Français, Deutsche, Italiano, or Portugues.   


According to this year's data, North Korea, Turkmenistan, Syria, Equatorial Guinea and Yemen present the highest commercial bribery risk, while Norway, New Zealand, Switzerland, Sweden and Denmark present the lowest.


This year’s edition includes an updated selection of datapoints to ensure the TRACE Matrix is based on the most recent available information. To learn more, download the 2023 Methodology Report.

“Assessment of country risk is fundamental to developing an effective compliance program and risk-based due diligence procedures.”

Charles Duross

Partner, Morrison & Foerster LLP and former Deputy Chief in the Fraud Section in the Criminal Division, U.S. Department of Justice

“In my experience, there is nothing else on the market that gauges risk with the accuracy and simplicity of the TRACE Risk Matrix. It is a critical part of our risk assessment process at Accenture.”

Daniel Seltzer

Senior Director of Anticorruption and Government Compliance, Accenture

Read the press release. For press inquiries, contact Kseniya Husak at [email protected].

2019 RESULTS

Full table (excluding subdomain scores) and rankings:

Although the resulting index can be used to rank countries by their composite scores, it is also possible to view the results for specific risk factors. This allows compliance professionals to tailor their practices appropriately and make better resource allocation decisions. This table does not include subdomain scores.

Rank Country
Risk Score
 Domain 1: Interactions with Government Domain 2: Anti-bribery Deterrence and Enforcement Domain 3: Governmental and Civil Service Transparency Domain 4: Capacity for Civil Oversight
1 New Zealand
 4 1 11 1 8
2 Norway
 7 13 8 1 1
3 Denmark
 7 9 1 16 1
4 Sweden
 8 13 11 1 6
5 Finland
 9 15 9 5 4
6 United Kingdom
 11 15 14 4 10
7 Netherlands
 12 17 8 5 10
8 Canada
 14 22 13 6 7
9 Germany
 15 21 13 11 8
10 Hong Kong
 16 6 14 11 38
11 Iceland
 17 22 10 13 17
12 Singapore
 17 7 6 12 47
13 Luxembourg
 17 25 5 10 19
14 Estonia
 18 23 16 16 11
15 United States
 18 26 22 7 11
16 Austria
 18 25 11 12 14
17 Australia
 18 25 17 10 14
18 Switzerland
 18 23 11 24 8
19 France
 21 30 22 8 19
20 Belgium
 22 35 15 15 12
21 Ireland
 22 24 21 25 17
22 Portugal
 24 33 19 22 13
23 South Korea
 24 25 27 20 24
24 Lithuania
 25 35 26 21 9
25 Japan
 25 27 24 30 18
26 Taiwan
 26 29 25 34 12
27 Georgia
 26 16 37 31 31
28 Israel
 27 45 23 10 16
29 United Arab Emirates
 31 7 20 46 64
30 Monaco
 31 54 23 14 11
31 Chile
 31 42 27 22 25
32 Slovenia
 32 47 30 23 17
34 Czech Republic
 34 47 24 32 19
35 Italy
 34 48 37 19 22
36 Uruguay
 34 53 24 28 14
37 Costa Rica
 34 52 25 32 12
38 Liechtenstein
 35 69 16 12 11
39 Cyprus
 36 51 30 31 19
40 Poland
 37 48 35 32 26
41 Spain
 38 45 37 35 29
42 Latvia
 38 48 23 53 16
43 San Marino
 38 57 20 34 22
44 Malta
 39 52 33 36 22
45 Kosovo
 40 45 31 41 34
46 Slovak Republic
 40 58 34 32 18
47 Tuvalu
 40 37 46 69 11
48 Oman
 40 37 34 30 58
49 St. Vincent and the Grenadines
 41 43 39 45 35
50 Jamaica
 41 56 45 30 22
51 Puerto Rico
 41 54 41 49 11
52 Bhutan
 41 47 10 48 44
53 Marshall Islands
 42 36 33 72 28
54 Dominica
 42 47 40 38 39
55 South Africa
 42 65 33 24 27
56 Qatar
 43 33 34 53 55
57 Bahrain
 43 44 26 30 65
58 Malaysia
 43 42 31 41 53
59 Mauritius
 43 45 33 58 31
60 Montenegro
 43 59 30 36 31
61 St. Lucia
 43 46 37 59 28
62 Greece
 44 58 44 37 24
63 St. Kitts and Nevis
 44 45 47 57 26
64 Antigua and Barbuda
 44 51 55 40 30
65 Croatia
 45 62 36 35 30
66 Barbados
 45 58 41 51 19
67 Grenada
 46 46 57 53 30
68 Romania
 46 64 32 42 27
69 Rwanda
 46 36 36 50 68
70 Botswana
 46 53 36 44 43
71 Colombia
 46 62 52 26 34
72 Namibia
 47 59 34 44 35
73 Senegal
 47 51 51 47 36
74 Armenia
 47 40 53 59 43
75 Macau
 47 75 14 38 30
76 Cape Verde
 47 56 38 48 38
77 Bulgaria
 47 59 47 42 33
78 India
 48 57 48 41 38
79 Azerbaijan
 48 41 43 44 67
80 Ghana
 48 62 43 49 24
81 Bahamas
 48 67 30 52 23
82 Panama
 48 55 63 46 27
83 Samoa
 48 54 35 63 31
84 Thailand
 48 47 48 39 60
85 North Macedonia
 49 52 46 43 50
86 Tonga
 49 56 48 50 36
87 Seychelles
 49 71 29 39 35
88 Fiji
 49 57 47 48 39
89 Peru
 50 65 49 42 31
90 Indonesia
 50 59 52 49 35
91 Jordan
 51 48 49 43 67
92 Micronesia
 51 46 52 77 35
93 Saudi Arabia
 51 45 43 52 69
94 Vanuatu
 51 57 27 66 43
95 Albania
 52 64 51 41 41
96 Hungary
 52 57 47 51 47
97 Kenya
 52 65 49 44 40
98 Cayman Islands
 52 86 19 34 33
99 Tunisia
 52 63 57 51 32
100 Brazil
 53 74 55 34 31
101 Argentina
 53 77 49 38 26
102 Palau
 53 72 50 53 20
103 Philippines
 54 65 50 46 43
104 Burkina Faso
 54 65 53 50 38
105 Serbia
 54 65 44 50 44
106 Guatemala
 55 60 55 60 39
107 Zambia
 55 66 36 50 53
108 Belarus
 55 47 45 59 72
109 Mongolia
 55 72 42 54 35
110 Russian Federation
 55 57 54 52 57
111 Sri Lanka
 55 62 54 57 44
112 Dominican Republic
 55 66 58 52 38
113 Bosnia and Herzegovina
 55 74 49 37 46
114 Aruba
 55 81 45 47 25
115 Trinidad and Tobago
 56 65 65 65 23
116 Nepal
 56 60 58 54 49
117 Moldova
 56 67 48 52 45
118 Sao Tome and Principe
 56 55 64 66 44
119 Paraguay
 57 62 62 52 48
120 El Salvador
 57 64 59 62 38
121 Kuwait
 57 80 36 42 46
122 Ukraine
 57 74 54 50 36
123 Turkey
 57 53 51 55 71
124 Maldives
 57 65 56 45 55
125 Mexico
 57 69 56 46 47
126 Kazakhstan
 58 58 50 52 68
127 Togo
 58 53 58 72 53
128 Papua New Guinea
 58 70 51 59 40
129 Benin
 58 61 62 67 42
130 Uganda
 58 72 48 45 55
131 Morocco
 58 56 60 59 61
132 Kyrgyz Republic
 59 71 59 53 42
133 Suriname
 59 66 48 75 37
134 China
 59 47 56 59 80
135 Bermuda
 59 97 22 61 14
136 Solomon Islands
 59 72 18 81 42
137 Gambia
 59 55 58 56 71
138 Ivory Coast
 59 66 62 58 48
139 Niger
 60 54 59 69 61
140 Guyana
 60 74 57 60 36
141 Lebanon
 60 75 55 56 40
142 Brunei Darussalam
 60 61 43 65 63
143 Eswatini
 60 55 37 75 70
144 Cuba
 60 65 60 48 64
145 Lesotho
 60 58 48 80 54
146 Ecuador
 60 75 53 51 49
147 Belize
 60 72 46 72 38
148 Mali
 61 70 55 60 50
149 East Timor
 61 71 56 64 43
150 Malawi
 61 74 56 60 42
151 Honduras
 61 64 63 66 53
152 Guinea
 62 64 60 73 46
153 Mauritania
 62 70 57 59 55
154 Pakistan
 62 77 56 48 54
155 Mozambique
 62 68 60 55 61
156 Kiribati
 63 79 46 73 36
157 Tanzania
 63 71 58 58 56
158 Myanmar
 64 69 61 70 54
159 Sierra Leone
 65 78 53 61 52
160 Vietnam
 65 66 51 62 75
161 Egypt
 65 66 51 63 76
162 Nigeria
 65 81 58 58 49
163 Algeria
 66 77 53 67 53
164 Djibouti
 66 51 51 86 82
165 Liberia
 66 83 48 68 46
166 Bolivia
 66 83 69 60 41
167 Comoros
 66 54 80 85 60
168 Afghanistan
 66 80 69 54 52
169 Iran
 67 73 55 58 74
170 Haiti
 68 79 55 71 54
171 Cameroon
 68 72 71 66 61
172 Nicaragua
 69 73 69 75 56
173 Gabon
 70 86 68 52 61
174 Sudan
 70 60 63 86 80
175 Tajikistan
 71 72 65 64 80
176 Ethiopia
 71 73 59 61 85
177 Syria
 72 86 47 63 71
178 Bangladesh
 72 86 63 60 64
179 Madagascar
 72 81 72 74 53
180 Zimbabwe
 72 75 62 76 67
181 Uzbekistan
 73 69 66 76 79
182 Iraq
 73 78 62 82 62
183 Laos
 75 70 67 79 85
184 Guinea-Bissau
 75 72 74 93 65
185 Angola
 76 89 61 78 63
186 Republic of the Congo (Brazzaville)
 77 84 73 79 63
187 Central African Republic
 78 78 82 88 65
188 Eritrea
 79 54 84 100 99
189 Cambodia
 79 92 68 80 63
190 Burundi
 79 64 80 88 98
191 Dem. Rep. of the Congo
 82 92 80 76 70
192 Equatorial Guinea
 82 76 86 90 82
193 Turkmenistan
 82 89 53 81 92
194 Libya
 82 91 70 84 74
195 Chad
 84 88 87 85 74
196 Venezuela
 85 100 78 78 71
197 Yemen
 85 86 75 93 85
198 North Korea
 86 70 100 89 100
199 South Sudan
 92 95 81 97 89
200 Somalia
 94 96 88 98 90