TRACE Bribery Risk Matrix

The TRACE Bribery Risk Matrix (TRACE Matrix) measures business bribery risk in 194 jurisdictions, territories, and autonomous and semi-autonomous regions. The overall country risk score is a combined and weighted score of four domains: Business Interactions with Government; Anti-Bribery Deterrence and Enforcement; Government and Civil Service Transparency; and Capacity for Civil Society Oversight, including the role of the media. The domain scores are derived from nine subdomains. The TRACE Matrix was originally developed in 2014 in collaboration with RAND Corporation. It is updated annually by TRACE.

ACCESS THE TRACE MATRIX DATA BROWSER DOWNLOAD THE TRACE MATRIX INFORMATION PACK

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“Assessment of country risk is fundamental to developing an effective compliance program and risk-based due diligence procedures.”

Charles Duross,

Partner at Morrison & Foerster LLP and former Deputy Chief in the Fraud Section in the Criminal Division of the U.S. Department of Justice

The 2023 TRACE Matrix information pack includes:

2023 TRACE Bribery Risk Matrix Scores
TRACE Matrix FAQ
Guide to Country Reports
Methodology Report

Download a short description of the Matrix in 中文, 日本語, English, Español, Français, Deutsche, Italiano, or Portugues.

According to this year's data, North Korea, Turkmenistan, Syria, Equatorial Guinea and Yemen present the highest commercial bribery risk, while Norway, New Zealand, Switzerland, Sweden and Denmark present the lowest.

This year’s edition includes an updated selection of datapoints to ensure the TRACE Matrix is based on the most recent available information. To learn more, download the 2023 Methodology Report.

“Assessment of country risk is fundamental to developing an effective compliance program and risk-based due diligence procedures.”

Charles Duross

Partner, Morrison & Foerster LLP and former Deputy Chief in the Fraud Section in the Criminal Division, U.S. Department of Justice

“In my experience, there is nothing else on the market that gauges risk with the accuracy and simplicity of the TRACE Risk Matrix. It is a critical part of our risk assessment process at Accenture.”

Daniel Seltzer

Senior Director of Anticorruption and Government Compliance, Accenture

Read the press release. For press inquiries, contact Kseniya Husak at [email protected].

2018 RESULTS

Rank	Country	Risk Score	Domain 1: Interactions with Government	Domain 2: Anti-bribery Deterrence and Enforcement	Domain 3: Governmental and Civil Service Transparency	Domain 4: Capacity for Civil Oversight
1	New Zealand	5	1	9	6	9
2	Sweden	5	7	10	1	3
3	Norway	7	13	5	1	1
4	Denmark	8	9	3	17	1
5	Finland	9	14	6	9	4
6	Netherlands	11	15	7	7	9
7	United Kingdom	12	17	10	7	9
8	Germany	13	20	12	10	7
9	Canada	15	25	9	10	8
10	Iceland	16	20	13	13	14
11	Luxembourg	16	22	1	16	18
12	Singapore	17	4	4	17	46
13	Switzerland	17	22	10	22	7
14	Hong Kong	17	7	13	18	38
15	Estonia	18	23	20	15	11
16	Australia	18	26	15	11	14
17	Austria	19	26	19	15	13
18	United States	21	32	23	11	12
19	Ireland	21	20	23	27	17
20	Portugal	21	25	25	21	13
21	France	22	34	18	8	17
22	Belgium	23	31	22	19	11
23	Lithuania	24	37	13	23	8
24	Taiwan	24	26	28	30	12
25	South Korea	24	25	25	22	26
26	Japan	25	30	21	27	18
27	Georgia	26	17	31	32	30
28	Monaco	29			14	16
29	United Arab Emirates	29	8	11	49	58
30	Israel	29	48	24	14	14
31	Slovenia	30	41	32	23	17
32	Czech Republic	32	43	26	31	18
33	Uruguay	32	48	24	30	13
34	Chile	33	43	32	23	27
35	Andorra	34			29	13
36	Poland	35	41	34	35	25
37	Qatar	35	30	7	45	52
38	Spain	35	41	39	33	26
39	Latvia	36	46	13	55	14
40	Italy	36	49	54	18	21
41	Liechtenstein	38	67		12	8
42	San Marino	38	48	18	34	37
43	Slovak Republic	38	62	31	23	14
44	Malta	38	52	33	35	20
45	Oman	39	34	34	36	54
46	Bhutan	39	42	11	52	41
47	Cyprus	39	50	40	40	19
48	Costa Rica	40	60	32	36	12
49	St. Kitts and Nevis	40	39	45	54	24
50	Bahrain	40	42	16	31	61
51	St. Lucia	40	38	37	60	26
52	Jamaica	42	53	62	32	20
53	Croatia	42	55	41	35	29
54	Dominica	43	53	40	30	38
55	Samoa	43	44	30	63	30
56	Greece	43	51	52	40	25
57	South Africa	43	66	29	25	30
58	Kosovo	43	52	31		32
59	Tonga	44	47	46	50	30
60	Mauritius	44	53	29	57	27
61	Rwanda	44	34	29	54	64
62	Barbados	45	54	35	58	22
63	Malaysia	45	44	32	43	57
64	Montenegro	45	57	44	40	29
65	St. Vincent and the Grenadines	45	51	40	48	35
66	Bahamas	45	55	32	56	26
67	Colombia	45	59	53	28	33
68	Romania	46	64	41	38	24
69	Seychelles	46	62	28	44	31
70	Cape Verde	46	54	39	51	32
71	Marshall Islands	47	38	39	72	43
72	Ghana	47	62	41	51	21
73	Jordan	47	44	42	42	60
74	Botswana	47	55	24	55	42
75	North Macedonia	47	51	43	41	51
76	Grenada	48	53	56	53	28
77	Armenia	48	48	55	48	42
78	Puerto Rico	48	52	41	52
79	Bulgaria	48	62	44	41	34
80	Palau	49	64	51	53	16
81	Peru	49	62	53	41	30
82	Senegal	49	52	58	53	32
83	Namibia	49	64	30	45	38
84	Panama	49	57	60	51	28
85	Saudi Arabia	50	43	43	53	64
86	India	50	62	56	40	36
87	Serbia	50	60	42	47	42
88	Tunisia	50	59	51	53	32
89	Thailand	50	52	47	42	58
90	Micronesia	51	47	52	77	31
91	Albania	51	61	49	44	40
92	Indonesia	51	59	52	50	36
93	Hungary	51	56	49	51	44
94	Antigua and Barbuda	51	59	53	54	33
95	Azerbaijan	51	52	43	43	63
96	Mauritania	51	57	64	40	45
97	Vanuatu	52	61	26	66	39
98	Mongolia	52	65	42	56	33
99	Fiji	52	63	57	49	34
100	Philippines	53	64	46	49	42
101	Kenya	53	66	50	46	39
102	Papua New Guinea	53	60	46	60	39
103	Nepal	53	56	63	49	47
104	Bosnia and Herzegovina	54	71	51	34	45
105	Ukraine	54	67	53	48	36
106	Maldives	54	61	56	45	47
107	Brunei Darussalam	54	56	33	57	60
108	Russian Federation	54	60	48	51	52
109	Benin	54	56	61	60	42
110	Zambia	54	64	27	57	53
111	Argentina	54	80	52	41	25
112	Brazil	55	78	54	36	33
113	Trinidad and Tobago	55	65	63	59	25
114	Belarus	55	48	43	61	68
115	Burkina Faso	55	62	66	55	36
116	Sao Tome and Principe	55	54	64	66	41
117	Niger	55	51	54	61	58
118	Kyrgyz Republic	55	63	58	53	42
119	Kuwait	56	76	37	48	40
120	Togo	56	60	51	62	44
121	Morocco	56	54	57	57	57
122	Ivory Coast	56	61	63	56	42
123	Moldova	56	68	49	52	42
124	Solomon Islands	56	63	17	81	46
125	Guatemala	56	64	63	59	37
126	Mali	56	57	51	66	49
127	Kazakhstan	57	59	47	53	63
128	El Salvador	57	65	58	62	35
129	Dominican Republic	57	65	64	56	38
130	Turkey	58	56	47	57	70
131	Paraguay	58	63	61	57	47
132	Uganda	58	70	51	49	51
133	Mexico	58	70	55	49	49
134	Lesotho	59	58	44	78	53
135	Liberia	60	75	41	66	38
136	Ecuador	60	69	54	57	50
137	East Timor	60	66	62	65	43
138	Sierra Leone	60	72	49	58	49
139	Tanzania	60	70	56	57	49
140	Mozambique	60	67	64	49	57
141	Aruba	60	69
142	Vietnam	61	61	47	60	72
143	Gambia	61	55	60	57	78
144	Malawi	61	72	57	67	40
145	Suriname	62	68	48	82	38
146	Guyana	62	74	58	65	39
147	Lebanon	62	72	62	68	37
148	Sri Lanka	62	61	68	69	55
149	Kiribati	63	78	44	73	38
150	Belize	63	77	45	74	38
151	China	63	65	51	54	76
152	Pakistan	63	78	62	50	52
153	Algeria	63	72	55	75	43
154	Cameroon	63	67	67	62	55
155	Bolivia	64	80	65	56	41
156	Iran	64	70	55	55	67
157	Gabon	64	72	66	54	57
158	Myanmar	64	66	62	70	55
159	Guinea	64	72	60	71	46
160	Honduras	64	71	67	65	50
161	Nigeria	65	79	61	59	48
162	Eswatini	65	66	41	73	69
163	Cayman Islands	65	74
164	Tuvalu	66			69	61
165	Cuba	66	74	50	65	63
166	Afghanistan	66	77	69	59	51
167	Comoros	66	57	84	79	57
168	Egypt	66	66	61	66	70
169	Tajikistan	68	65	63	70	75
170	Yemen	68	71	56	65	73
171	Syria	68	70	56	69	73
172	Haiti	68	74	83	67	49
173	Madagascar	68	72	70	78	52
174	Ethiopia	69	71	53	60	83
175	Iraq	69	70	62	79	60
176	Nicaragua	69	76	69	73	51
177	Uzbekistan	69	70	46	75	78
178	Sudan	70	72	78	60	70
179	Djibouti	70	61	51	87	81
180	Laos	70	58	70	80	81
181	Republic of the Congo (Brazzaville)	70	77	68	72	59
182	Bangladesh	70	87	61	58	61
183	Central African Republic	71	72	78	75	58
184	Dem. Rep. of the Congo	71	68	79	69	72
185	Zimbabwe	72	78	60	74	67
186	Bermuda	72	92
187	Angola	72	81	61	78	58
188	Guinea-Bissau	72	64	74	93	66
189	Macau	73	100
190	Cambodia	75	86	59	82	58
191	South Sudan	75	75	59	89	71
192	Eritrea	76	49	84	93	100
193	Burundi	78	61	80	92	92
194	Equatorial Guinea	79	74	85	91	74
195	North Korea	81		100	90	96
196	Turkmenistan	82	93	48	80	88
197	Chad	82	83	78	95	70
198	Venezuela	82	99	75	74	67
199	Libya	83	88	78	89	70
200	Somalia	92	90	89	100	88

TRACE Matrix

TRACE Bribery Risk Matrix

Charles Duross,

Charles Duross

Daniel Seltzer

2018 RESULTS

Full table (excluding subdomain scores) and rankings: